Bitcoin; what started out as an electronic trading currency, free of government interference, has become an asset class, competing with gold.
What I think has happened is this; we have created massive amount of superfluous wealth through ever increasing productivity (proof of this is continuing increases in per capita consumption on a global basis).
By some unknown law of economics the ROI of reinvesting this wealth back into (implicit) further increases in productivity cannot continue to go up forever; basically these ROIs are asymptotic. I suspect that this occurs when the cost of goods and services gets close to the cost of the raw materials embedded within, and also the ROI starts flat-lining when the starting raw materials are becoming scarce, or at least past peak, or half-life.
Lacking credible PE ratios for stocks, or debt yields for bonds etc, people start stashing wealth into fixed assets like real estate. Wealth usually isn’t sensibly stored as cash because governments are busily deflating the value of many currencies with QE programs. Trust is the issue here.
At some point, the value of these fixed assets also reaches some credibility barrier. For example, real estate values are vaguely under-pinned by rental yields. If asset values get too far ahead of yields then the market gets more and more nervous, eventually collapsing when there is collective panic-based withdrawal.
Gold is another option. It goes up and down like a yo-yo. There is effectively unlimited supply at a price. It is used in industry and jewellery as a metal. But it is mainly used as a store of wealth, for no good reason other than it was always so. And it doesn’t oxidise or age. And governments can exactly make it. They can mine it though. It’s a bugger to own.
So enter the Bitcoin as an asset class.
The problem for bitcoin is the finite cost of mining and maintaining the ledger, i.e. there is real money required for the system, and a finite supply of the coin, which has encouraged folks to pile in on the coin as a scarce asset, in competition with things like gold, bonds, cash and real estate.
The underlying value of bitcoin is influenced by many things and it is real:
- The energy used to propagate the ledger
- The hardware used to propagate the ledger
- The avoidance of trust issues with fiat money (e.g. inflation, QE, etc)
- The avoidance of expensive intermediaries when used as a trading currency
- The avoidance of detection of wealth by taxing and other authorities
The problem with bitcoin is that it is bloody slow when used as a trading currency, almost uselessly so. There are many, many attempts to resolve this with re-jigged approaches to the block-chain, mostly trading off security for speed.
The question I am trying to address here is whether there is any sense in Bitcoin becoming the primary place to stash wealth?
From an economics POV, stashing excess wealth into a virtual system provides no economic benefit. However it does do the planet a favor by not using that wealth to further propagate consumption. This could be a very good thing. This value might be off-set by the energy consumer by the system.
The current problem with bitcoin is that its value is changing so quickly, and the trades are so slow, that it is reduced in value as a trading currency. Its hyper-inflating effectively, or hyper-deflating. It feels like buying bread in 1925 in Germany.
To get into the crypto-currency game requires you to buy Bitcoins are market price through one of the few gateways that exchange fiat currency for bitcoins. Then you transfer your money to a crypto-currency exchange and buy other currencies. You then either store the things in a vault, hoping that they go up in value, or use them to buy goods and services.
Until these currencies dominate the purchasing of goods and services, the hyper nature of their value will be quickly exposed by the cost of buying into the things. Which will keep them firmly fixed as assets and not trading currencies.
Another issue, is that there simply isn’t enough to go around for them to dominate the market for buying and selling things. If there were, then fears of inflation would ruin the party in any case.
Essentially there’s a paradox in place.